attitudes, institutional inertia and continued suffering of descendants of the former slaves called for further major reforms. Laws whose goal was to reduce or eliminate racial discrimination were an obvious and legitimate next step. A genuine civil rights law whose goal is to combat racial -- By contrast, although the motive for violating a first come, first served rule would be legally irrelevant, such laws would prevent establishments from engaging in racial discrimination. Since discrimination is not an action, efforts to make it illegal are pseudolaws. Paradoxically, our efforts to eliminate racial discrimination have employed the same kind of illegitimate tools that created slavery and racial segregation.